Direct TPMS sensors trade transmission frequency for battery life, leaving fusion software to bridge the gap between infrequent radio updates and the continuous pressure signal that vehicle systems expect.
Because a sensor may transmit only once every 60 to 90 seconds while stationary, the fusion engine predicts pressure drift between packets using the ideal gas law and a thermal model of the tire cavity, then corrects that prediction whenever a fresh RF measurement arrives, in a standard predict-update Kalman cycle.
When onboard sensor accelerometers detect a rapid pressure drop, they switch to a fast transmission mode, sending updates every few seconds instead of every minute. Fusion software must detect this mode transition and shorten its filter's trust window accordingly, so a genuine blowout is reported within seconds rather than being smoothed away as sensor noise.